[131][132] The military handed power to military chief Min Aung Hlaing and declared a state of emergency for one year[133][131] and began closing the borders, restricting travel and electronic communications nationwide. [87] Humanitarian aid was requested, but concerns about foreign military or intelligence presence in the country delayed the entry of United States military planes delivering medicine, food, and other supplies. [228] The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them[229]—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000[230] Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted"[231] and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities. In contrast, the exiled leaders and organisations claim the country is 40% ethnic. Myanmar is divided into seven states (ပြည်နယ်) and seven regions (တိုင်းဒေသကြီး), formerly called divisions. In a speech at Chatham House, he revealed that "We [Myanmar government] are reviewing all cases. [352][353] Myanmar's internet used to be subject to censorship, and authorities viewed e-mails and posts on Internet blogs until 2012 when the government removed media censorship. [247] A 2011 report by the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations found that, while contact with the Myanmar government was constrained by donor restrictions, international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) see opportunities for effective advocacy with government officials, especially at the local level. [267] It produced 75% of the world's teak. Wingate's British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. Note that maps may not appear on the webpage in their full size and resolution. Its official name is the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, often informally shortened to "Myanmar". [314][315], A large majority of the population practices Buddhism; estimates range from 80%[316] to 89%. The government recognises 135 distinct ethnic groups. Myanmar (English pronunciation below; Burmese: မြန်မာ [mjəmà])[nb 1] or Burma, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar,[nb 2] is a country in Southeast Asia. The Lethwei, Bando, Banshay, and Pongyi thaing martial arts and chinlone are traditional sports in Myanmar. [15] In 2013, its GDP (nominal) stood at US$56.7 billion and its GDP (PPP) at US$221.5 billion. In the far north, the land rises sharply into a southern branch of the Himalayan mountain system. The kingdom was a protectorate of the Bengal Sultanate at different time periods.[57]. Officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Myanmar is a country that is situated in the southeastern region of the Asian continent. The series of reforms includes the release of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest, the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission, the granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners, new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes, a relaxation of press censorship, and the regulation of currency practices. These were the first openly contested elections held in Myanmar since the 1990 general election (which was annulled[114]).The results gave the NLD an absolute majority of seats in both chambers of the national parliament, enough to ensure that its candidate would become president, while NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi is constitutionally barred from the presidency.[114][115]. [149] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.18/10, ranking it 49th globally out of 172 countries. Population: 53,414,374. It's located at the northeast edge of Southeast Asia and borders Thailand, Laos, China, Tibet, India, and … [259], Both China and India have attempted to strengthen ties with the government for economic benefit in the early 2010s. Other parties and individuals allied with specific ethnic minorities also ran for office. Previously giving Myanmar its lowest rating of 7, the 2012 Freedom in the World report also notes improvement, giving Myanmar a 6 for improvements in civil liberties and political rights, the release of political prisoners, and a loosening of restrictions. As a major battleground, Burma was devastated during World War II by the Japanese invasion. But now, Myanmar became a Unitary parliamentary provisional government under the State Administration Council. Note that maps may not appear on the webpage in their full size and resolution. Over the next sixty years, diplomacy, raids, treaties and compromises, known collectively as the Anglo-Burmese Wars, continued until Britain proclaimed control over most of Burma. By 1770, Alaungpaya's heirs had subdued much of Laos and fought and won the Burmese–Siamese War against Ayutthaya and the Sino-Burmese War against Qing China. [121][126][127][128][129], In January, 2021, just before the new parliament was to be sworn in, The NLD announced that Suu Kyi would retain her State Counsellor role in the upcoming government. The Burmese language incorporates widespread usage of honorifics and is age-oriented. [238] A UN envoy reported in March 2013 that unrest had re-emerged between Myanmar's Buddhist and Muslim communities, with violence spreading to towns that are located closer to Yangon. Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein and are used in a variety of ways, fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed. The two leaders discussed the release of more political prisoners, the institutionalisation of political reform and the rule of law, and ending ethnic conflict in Myanmar—the two governments agreed to sign a bilateral trade and investment framework agreement on 21 May 2013. Officially, on paper, the country’s name is Myanmar. Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections. They destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. [132], The military announced it would replace the current election commission with a new one, and a military media outlet indicated new elections would be held in about one year -- though the military avoided making an official commitment to that. Goods travel primarily across the Thai border (where most illegal drugs are exported) and along the Irrawaddy River. [188] Controversy surrounding the Rohingya population also remains an issue between Bangladesh and Myanmar.[189]. Myanmar's relatively slow population growth is predicted to continue on its current trajectory. Vakulchuk, Roman; Kyaw Kyaw Hlaing; Edward Ziwa Naing; Indra Overland; Beni Suryadi and Sanjayan Velautham (2017). The government spends anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in the world. This where the country saw the most number of fatalities in a single day on Sunday, due to actions by security forces since the military took over in a Feb 1 coup [330][331][332] However, the National AIDS Programme Myanmar found that 32% of sex workers and 43% of intravenous drug users in Myanmar have HIV.[332]. The goal of the Burmese constitutional referendum of 2008, held on 10 May 2008, is the creation of a "discipline-flourishing democracy". The two major Indo-European languages are Pali, the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism, and English. [329], HIV/AIDS, recognised as a disease of concern by the Burmese Ministry of Health, is most prevalent among sex workers and intravenous drug users. Taipei American Chamber of Commerce; Topics Magazine, Analysis, November 2012. [220] Human trafficking happens mostly to women who are unemployed and have low incomes. Though incorporated in the 1947 Constitution, successive military governments construed the use of the term ‘federalism’ as being anti-national, anti-unity and pro-disintegration.[76]. The 2012 by-elections were also the first time that international representatives were allowed to monitor the voting process in Myanmar. In the mid-to-late 9th century the Bamar people founded a small settlement at Bagan. [66] A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders, followed the Chindits into the Burmese jungle in 1943. According to the UNESCO Institute of Statistics, Myanmar's official literacy rate as of 2000 was 90%. [357] Myanmar is the primary subject of a 2007 graphic novel titled Chroniques Birmanes by Québécois author and animator, Guy Delisle. Some are privately owned. [262] The military has stakes in some major industrial corporations of the country (from oil production and consumer goods to transportation and tourism). While laws enabling the imprisonment of journalists for printing items that the government deems harmful are still in effect, the final two topics (religion and politics) were removed from the pre-publication censorship list … highest ranking) are air quality (174), health impacts of environmental issues (143) and biodiversity and habitat (142). All programming must meet with the approval of the censorship board. Along the Bay of Bengal, Myanmar has a long coastline that extends along the Gulf of Mottama and the Andaman Sea, in the south. Monks are venerated and supported by the lay people. The 2013 Southeast Asian Games took place in Naypyidaw, Yangon, Mandalay and Ngwesaung Beach in December representing the third occasion that the event has been staged in Myanmar. Official figures for military spending are not available. [195][196][197][198] But in 2006 a divided United Nations General Assembly voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights. Many Western nations, including the United States and Canada, and the European Union, historically imposed investment and trade sanctions on Myanmar. Several competing Shan States came to dominate the entire northwestern to eastern arc surrounding the Irrawaddy valley. Myanmar Map - Expore the map of Myanmar or Map of Burma, officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, it is a country in South-east Asia. Obama calls it both on visit", "Burma v Myanmar – what's in a name? Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817). [190] Myanmar imports most of its weapons from Russia, Ukraine, China and India. [280] Nevertheless, much of the country is off-limits to tourists, and interactions between foreigners and the people of Myanmar, particularly in the border regions, are subject to police scrutiny. [227] As of July 2012, the Myanmar government does not include the Rohingya minority group—classified as stateless Bengali Muslims from Bangladesh since 1982—on the government's list of more than 130 ethnic races and, therefore, the government states that they have no claim to Myanmar citizenship.[235]. In addition, al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. [295] The Kayin make up 7% of the population. In a video released on 3 September 2014, mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you". They include Burmese, Karen, Kachin, Chin, and Chinese (mainly Hokkien). [77] In 1974, the military violently suppressed anti-government protests at the funeral of U Thant. Learn how to create your own. https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/myanmar_map2.htm Myanmar country on black background with red love heart and its capital Burma. The lower house consists of 330 members who are directly elected and 110 who are appointed by the armed forces. [327][328] Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Myanmar is bordered by the Indian states of Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh and by the Chittagong division of Bangladesh in the northwest; by Tibet Autonomous Region and Yunnan province of China in the north and northeast; by Laos in the east and by Thailand in the southeast. In the 1930s, agricultural production fell dramatically as international rice prices declined and did not recover for several decades. They are forced into prostitution, marriages, and or pregnancies. It is one of the signatories of the nuclear non-proliferation pact since 1992 and a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) since 1957. [60], With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770 and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma (Political) 1996 (357K) and pdf format (368K) Burma (Political) 1991 (339K) and pdf format (353K) Myanmar or Burma is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. [194], Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. The new country was named the Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first president and U Nu as its first prime minister. Following the announcement, newspapers and other outlets no longer required approved by state censors; however, journalists in the country can still face consequences for what they write and say. Once forming a large and influential community, the Anglo-Burmese left the country in steady streams from 1958 onwards, principally to Australia and the United Kingdom. Overseas Chinese form approximately 3% of the population. The Union of Myanmar is made up of 135 national races, of which the main national races are Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine and Shan. Internet use is estimated to be relatively low compared to other countries. The Map of Myanmar Template includes two slides. In 1961, U Thant, the Union of Burma's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and former secretary to the prime minister, was elected Secretary-General of the United Nations, a position he held for ten years. Social media communications platforms, including Facebook and Twitter, removed Tatmadaw postings. [185], Myanmar has received extensive military aid from China in the past. Search Lonely Planet. [40] As in the past, French-language media today consistently use Birmanie. For other uses, see, Head of Government, Deputy Head of Government, and Head of State, 2020 elections and 2021 military coup d'etat, Genocide allegations and crimes against Rohingya people, Based on the estimated overall population, including both the enumerated and non-enumerated population (51,486,253), and on the assumption that the non-enumerated population in. [193] As of 2019, the United States Bureau of Arms Control assessed that Myanmar is not in violation of its obligations under the Non-Proliferation Treaty but that the Myanmar government had a history of non-transparency on its nuclear programs and aims. India, China, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos. [346] Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who populate the north and northeast, practice Christianity. [45] Evidence of Neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE has been discovered in the form of cave paintings in Padah-Lin Caves. Considered the national epic of Myanmar, the Yama Zatdaw, an adaptation of India's Ramayana, has been influenced greatly by Thai, Mon, and Indian versions of the play. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. [301] They migrated to escape racial discrimination and the wholesale nationalisation of private enterprise that took place in 1964. [34] Most English-speaking international news media refer to the country by the name Myanmar, including the BBC,[35] CNN,[36] Al Jazeera,[37] Reuters,[38] and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)/Radio Australia. [199] In January 2007, Russia and China vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council[200] calling on the government of Myanmar to respect human rights and begin a democratic transition. A new constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma was adopted in 1974. [44] The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 25,000 BP with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. [103] However, uncertainties exist as clashes between Burmese troops and local insurgent groups continue. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. "[217] In September 2012, the Myanmar Armed Forces released 42 child soldiers, and the International Labour Organization met with representatives of the government as well as the Kachin Independence Army to secure the release of more child soldiers. In alphabetical order, the regions of Myanmar are: Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy), Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi and Yangon (Rangoon). This page contains information related to all aspects of Geospatial Technology in Myanmar, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensing (RS) and relevant resources which could support development of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism. After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes. [134][135][132], The coup was immediately condemned by the United Nations Secretary General, and leaders of democratic nations -- including the United States President Joe Biden, western European political leaders, Southeast Asian democracies, and others around the world, who demanded or urged release of the captive leaders, and an immediate return to democratic rule in Myanmar. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma with 1,700 prisoners taken. Conservative estimates state that there are over 295,800 minority refugees from Myanmar, with the majority being Rohingya, Karen, and Karenni are principally located along the Thai-Myanmar border. Map is showing Myanmar and the surrounding countries with international borders, state/division boundaries, the administrative capital Naypidaw, state and division capitals, major cities, main roads, railroads and airports. [105][106] One report documented 77 per cent as the official turnout rate of the election. The 2012 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ranked the country at number 171, out of 176 countries in total. [154] In order to combat the hardships ahead and do its part to help combat climate change Myanmar has displayed interest in expanding its use of renewable energy and lowering its level of carbon emissions. [180] International relations progress indicators continued in September 2012 when Aung San Suu Kyi visited the United States[181] followed by Myanmar's reformist president visit to the United Nations. Myanmar Business Today; Print Edition, 27 February 2014. Myanmar Map Print, Country Road Map Poster, Burma Nainngandaw Yangon Mandalay Asia Map Art, Nursery Room Wall Office Decor, Printable Map EarthSquared. Find desired maps by entering country, city, town, region or village names regarding under search criteria. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. [132], International development and aid partners -- business, non-governmental, and governmental -- hinted at suspension of partnerships with Myanmar. The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Myanmar is 240. [48] The Iron Age began around 500 BCE with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay. Myanmar , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in South East Asia bordered by … Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level. Myanmar Population History. [341] Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.[342][343]. 2002. Religious edifices and orders have been in existence for many years. Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute 52 modern rice varieties were released in the country between 1966 and 1997, helping increase national rice production to 14 million tons in 1987 and to 19 million tons in 1996. [336] Myanmar is one of the world's most corrupt nations. [234], Rohingya are not allowed to travel without official permission, are banned from owning land, and are required to sign a commitment to have no more than two children. She continued, "I use Burma very often because I am used to using it. [227] The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. [292][293], These patterns stem from economic dynamics, including high income inequality, which results in residents of reproductive age opting for delay of marriage and family-building in favour of attempting to find employment and establish some form of wealth;[292] the average age of marriage in Myanmar is 27.5 for men, 26.4 for women. [265], Crude oil production, an indigenous industry of Yenangyaung, was taken over by the British and put under Burmah Oil monopoly. ", "Caution by Junta's Asian Neighbors Reflects Their Self-Interest", "24th ASEAN Summit, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 10–11 May 2014", "For Rohingya in Bangladesh, No Place is Home", "World Military Spending Topped US$1 trillion in 2004", "Nuclear Watchdog asks Burma to Open Up Suspect Sites", "Alleged North Korean Involvement in Missile Assembly and Underground Facility Construction in Burma", "Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments", "The World's Most Repressive Regimes 2013", "Are EU Trade Sanctions on Burma Compatible With WTO Law? [16] The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by supporters of the military government. Political unification returned in the mid-16th century, through the efforts of Taungoo, a former vassal state of Ava. "Army's rape of Rohingya women sweeping, methodical: AP". Population of the country is estimated at 52.4 million (July, 2003) and the population growth rate is 1.84 percent. It is approximated at least nine different ways: as three syllables /ˈmiː.ənmɑːr/, /miˈænmɑːr/, /ˌmaɪ.ənˈmɑːr/, /maɪˈɑːnmɑːr/, /ˈmaɪ.ænmɑːr/; or as two syllables /ˌmjænˈmɑːr/, /ˈmjænmɑːr/, /ˌmjɑːnˈmɑːr/ (listen), /ˈmjɑːnmɑːr/. [250][251], In 2016, Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi was accused of failing to protect Myanmar's Muslim minority. [20] The terms are also popularly thought to derive from Brahma Desha or ब्रह्मादेश/ब्रह्मावर्त (Sanskrit) after Brahma. Map of Myanmar [Burma] Myanmar [Burma] is in Asia and its country code is MM (its 3 letter code is MMR). ", "List of UN General Assembly Resolutions on Burma", "UN General Assembly Resolution: Time for Concrete Action", "Statement to the EU Development Committee", "Amnesty International 2009 Report on Human Rights in Myanmar", "Satellite Images Verify Myanmar Forced Relocations, Mounting Military Presence", "Myanmar set to release some 70 prisoners", "Burma Govt Releases 73 Political Prisoners", "Myanmar: Final push on political prisoners needed", "Myanmar's 'slow genocide' is revealed through the eyes of its child victims", "2013 UNHCR country operations profile – Thailand", "Myanmar: Villages burned, civilians injured and killed as Rakhine State conflict escalates", "Two Burmese children a week conscripted into military", "Press Conference on Action Plan to End Recruitment of Child Soldiers in Myanmar", "ILO in Talks with Kachins over Child Soldiers", "Myanmar: 10th anniversary of military repression", "Give Us a Baby and We'll Let You Go: Trafficking of Kachin Brides from Myanmar to China", "Trapped inside Myanmar's refugee camps, the Rohingya people call for recognition", "US Holocaust Museum highlights plight of Myanmar's downtrodden Rohingya Muslims", "Burma's monks call for Muslim community to be shunned", "Bangladesh accused of 'crackdown' on Rohingya refugees", "Myanmar, Bangladesh leaders 'to discuss Rohingya, "The Rohingya: Unwanted at Home, Unwelcome Abroad", "Origin of 'most persecuted minority' statement unclear", "Rohingyas are not citizens: Myanmar minister", "Exodus grows as Muslim Rohingya flee persecution in Myanmar homeland", "Anyeint group returns from exile in Thailand", "Burma flags mass release of political prisoners", "Free press is the key to Myanmar reform", "Burmese junta relaxes access to foreign websites", Working Through Ambiguity: International NGOs in Myanmar, "LGBT relationships are illegal in 74 countries, research finds", "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition", International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi accused of 'legitimising genocide of Rohingya Muslims', "Exclusive: Myanmar drafts new foreign investment rules", "Yangon Stock Exchange Formally Opens for Business", "Myanmar: Tales from the last business frontier", "Total in Myanmar : commitment and responsability(sic)", "The Burma Development Disaster in Comparative Historical Perspective", "Political and Economic History of Myanmar (Burma) Economics", "Gems of Burma and their Environmental Impact", "Burma: Gem Trade Bolsters Military Regime, Fuels Atrocities", "Burmese Gem Emporium Rakes in $1.5 Billion Despite Human Rights Abuse Concerns", "Geothermal Energy in Myanmar Securing Electricity for Eastern Border Development", "International airlines to open direct flights to Myanmar", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Myanmar's first census in more than 30 years: A radical revision of the official population count", "Thailand: The Plight of Burmese Migrant Workers", "Delayed Marriage and Very Low Fertility in Pacific Asia", "The Economic Position of Women in Burma", "From tropical Burma to Syracuse, refugees adjust", "Burma's Muslim Rohingyas – The New Boat People", "Why deadly race riots could rattle Myanmar's fledgling reforms", "Proposal for encoding characters for Myanmar minority languages in the UCS", "Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma 2006 Survey", "The Encounter of Missionary Christianity and Resurgent Buddhism in Post-colonial Myanmar", Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Burma, "Burma-International Religious Freedom Report 2007", "International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – Burma", "Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs – Background Note: Burma", "Burma—International Religious Freedom Report 2010", "PPI: Almost Half of All World Health Spending is in the United States", "Myanmar junta faulted for rampant diseases", A preventable fate: The failure of ART scale-up in Myanmar, "A scaled-up response to AIDS in Asia and the Pacific", "Adult (15+) Literacy Rates and Illiterate Population by Region and Gender for", "Myanmar still near bottom of corruption rankings in 2012 despite reforms", "UN report: Opium cultivation rising in Burma", "The Worshipping of Nats – The Special Festival of Mount Popa", "SPORTS IN MYANMAR: SOCCER, OLYMPICS AND TRADITIONAL SPORTS", "Myanmar prepares for the 2013 Southeast Asian Games", "Myanmar shows new signs of press freedom", "Internet Governance Capacity Building in Post-Authoritarian Contexts.
Everything Nice Watermelon Rings, Antiplatelet Drugs Pdf, Tugas Staff Operasional Bank, Showpiece Meaning In Bengali, Noaa Tsunami Twitter, Photo Brooch Pin, Who Owns Abc Australia,