30 (Open Book Publishers 2010). Celebrity Notches: Angie Dickinson, Marilyn Monroe, Marlene Dietrich, Judith Campbell Exner, Blaze Starr, Gene Tierney. "Mulier sancta," she personified the Church and many virtues – Humility, Justice, Fortitude, Chastity (the opposite of Holofernes' vices Pride, Tyranny, Decadence, Lust) – and she was, like the other heroic women of the Hebrew scriptural tradition, made into a typological prefiguration of the Virgin Mary. In 2016, she appeared as a character in the third episode of the first season of the television series Timeless, played by Elena Satine. In contrast, the second half is devoted mainly to Judith's strength of character and the beheading scene. Both JFK and Giancana were friends of Ol' Blue Eyes (pictured). The Book of Judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian Old Testament of the Bible, but excluded from the Hebrew canon and assigned by Protestants to their apocrypha.It tells of a Jewish widow, Judith, who uses her beauty and charm to destroy an Assyrian general and save Israel from oppression. [5][9], In that respect, Medieval Jewry appears to have viewed Judith as the Hasmonean counterpart to Queen Esther, the heroine of the holiday of Purim. [3] William Safire in The New York Times also published it. The fictional nature "is evident from its blending of history and fiction, beginning in the very first verse, and is too prevalent thereafter to be considered as the result of mere historical mistakes. English writer Arnold Bennett in 1919 tried his hand at dramaturgy with Judith, a faithful reproduction in three acts; it premiered in spring 1919 at Devonshire Park Theatre, Eastbourne. Kevin R. Brine, et al., The Sword of Judith: Judith Studies Across the Disciplines, pg. The Assyrians, having lost their leader, disperse, and Israel is saved. During the years-long affair that followed, Exner allegedly acted as a liaison between Kennedy and Giancana, helping in a plot for the Mob to assassinate Fidel Castro. There, Judith is a widow who lures Holofernes into her web with wiles, when she has his head in her bag she sings and jubilates with all of Israel for three months. Alessandro Scarlatti wrote an oratorio in 1693, La Giuditta, as did the Portuguese composer Francisco António de Almeida in 1726; Juditha triumphans was written in 1716 by Antonio Vivaldi; Mozart composed in 1771 La Betulia Liberata (KV 118), to a libretto by Pietro Metastasio. The two men, at that time, shared the same girlfriend, Judith Campbell Exner. Judith Exner, mob moll. They separated in 1988. [3] After her mother nearly died in an auto accident, Judith withdrew from school at the age of 14 and was tutored at home. [4] Both women were widows whose strategical and diplomatic skills helped in the defeat of the invader. "[3] Campbell's identity as the close friend was leaked to the Washington Post, which publicized it. Das ist gemein; eine solche Natur ist ihres Erfolgs gar nicht würdig [...]. The Book of Judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian Old Testament of the Bible, but excluded from the Hebrew canon and assigned by Protestants to their apocrypha. Hoover had tapped phone calls revealing JFK was having an affair with a 25-year-old woman named Judith Campbell Exner, who was also sleeping with the notorious mob boss Sam Giancana. "[5], Although the text itself does not mention Hanukkah, it became customary for a Hebrew midrashic variant of the Judith story to be read on the Shabbat of Hanukkah as the story of Hanukkah takes place during the time of the Hasmonean dynasty. She said Kennedy told her of his plans related to Cuba, and used her to carry money to Giancana, as well as to arrange numerous meetings between him, Giancana and Roselli. He is the first one to recognize Holofernes' head brought by Judith in the city, and also the first one to praise God. He is the first one who discovers Holofernes' beheading. He is so proud that he wants to affirm his strength as a sort of divine power. She claimed to Smith to have terminated a pregnancy resulting from a last encounter in 1962 with Kennedy. [citation needed], The character of Judith is larger than life, and she has won a place in Jewish and Christian lore, art, poetry and drama. She has been described as an "unreliable witness," with a history of instability, depression and paranoia and, by then, she was suffering from cancer. [7] Exner also said that Kennedy brought prostitutes to the White House swimming pool. The account of Judith's beheading Holofernes has been treated by several painters and sculptors, most notably Donatello and Caravaggio, as well as Sandro Botticelli, Andrea Mantegna, Giorgione, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Titian, Horace Vernet, Gustav Klimt, Artemisia Gentileschi, Jan Sanders van Hemessen, Trophime Bigot, Francisco Goya, Francesco Cairo and Hermann-Paul. These affairs included one with Danish journalist Inga Arvad between late 1941 and early 1942. An Old English poetic version is found together with Beowulf (their epics appear both in the Nowell Codex). [3], Judith Campbell Exner lived in Newport Beach and was a painter. [22], The canonicity of Judith is rejected by Protestants, who accept as the Old Testament only those books that are found in the Jewish canon. She is the daughter of Merari, a Simeonite, and widow of a certain Manasses. Vol passie, in de puurste vorm en zonder nonsens. (TV Series 1989–1993) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Frank Sinatra was the one who introduced JFK to his conquest Judith Campbell Exner, a California girl and ex of Sinatra’s who would go on to become the mistress of mob boss Sam Giancana. [4], In 1952, at the age of 18, Judith married actor William Campbell; they divorced in 1958.[3]. [41] Both stories seem to be set at a time when the temple had recently been rededicated, which is the case after Judas Maccabee killed Nicanor and defeated the Seleucids. The already well established notion of Judith as an exemplum of the courage of local people against tyrannical rule from afar was given new urgency by the Assyrian nationality of Holofernes, which made him an inevitable symbol of the threatening Turks. [3] Her older sister Jacqueline later became an actress and took the professional name Susan Morrow. [30], There are also thematic connections to the revenge of Simeon and Levi on Shechem after the rape of Dinah in Gen. [44], In 16th-century France, writers such as Guillaume Du Bartas, Gabrielle de Coignard and Anne de Marquets composed poems on Judith's triumph over Holofernes. [27] Judith's village, Bethulia (literally "virginity") is unknown and otherwise unattested to in any ancient writing. [5] The renewed interest took the form of "tales of the heroine, liturgical poems, commentaries on the Talmud, and passages in Jewish legal codes. Contemporary sources make reference to the many allies of Chaldea (governed by Ashurbanipal's rebel brother Shamash-shum-ukin), including the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah, which were subjects of Assyria and are mentioned in the Book of Judith as victims of Ashurbanipal's Western campaign.[36]. [6] Journalists and some historians have also alleged that Kennedy had a number of affairs, citing a memo by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover as part of the evidence. Dort ist Judith eine Wittwe, die den Holofernes durch List und Schlauheit in's Netz lockt; sie freut sich, als sie seinen Kopf im Sack hat und singt und jubelt vor und mit ganz Israel drei Monde lang. [citation needed]. Meine Judith wird durch ihre That paralysirt; sie erstarrt vor der Möglichkeit, einen Sohn des Holofernes zu gebären; es wird ihr klar, daß sie über die Gränzen hinaus gegangen ist, daß sie mindestens das Rechte aus unrechten Gründen gethan hat" (Tagebücher 2:1872), Development of the Christian biblical canon, http://torahofyeshuah.blogspot.com/2015/07/book-of-meqabyan-i-iii.html, http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92559, "Judith Cutting Off the Head of Holofernes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Judith&oldid=1005256627, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 February 2021, at 19:56. 13 talking about this. [citation needed] It served as the grounds for the death sentence passed on printer William Carter who had printed Martin's tract and who was executed in 1584. The Book of Common Prayer, 1979, Holy Days, pg. Also, Michelangelo depicts the scene in multiple aspects in one of the Pendentives, or four spandrels on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The story also inspired oratorios by Antonio Vivaldi, W. A. Mozart and Hubert Parry, and an operetta by Jacob Pavlovitch Adler. English playwright Howard Barker examined the Judith story and its aftermath, first in the scene "The Unforeseen Consequences of a Patriotic Act", as part of his collection of vignettes, The Possibilities. Als sinds 23 februari 2005 dé Nederlandse nieuwswebsite voor gamers. The llluminati are doing this tactic all over the world, and it certainly has almost everyone fooled. That is mean, such a nature is not worthy of her success [...]. Barker later expanded the scene into a short play Judith. [5] Roselli testified to the committee about Mafia involvement in the CIA attempt on Castro's life. Solution One drew Mary Meyer into the world of James Ellroy, the grassy knoll, Jim Garrison, the Mafia, Judith Exner, Fair Play for Cuba, Operation Mongoose and so on. It tells of a Jewish widow, Judith, who uses her beauty and charm to destroy an Assyrian general and save Israel from oppression. In the case of the Book of Judith, Biblical scholar Gabriele Boccaccini,[38] identified Nebuchadnezzar with Tigranes the Great (140–56 BC), a powerful King of Armenia who, according to Josephus and Strabo, conquered all of the lands identified by the Biblical author in Judith. Her gender made her a natural example of the biblical paradox of "strength in weakness"; she is thus paired with David and her beheading of Holofernes paralleled with that of Goliath – both deeds saved the Covenant People from a militarily superior enemy. He is given the task of destroying the rebels who did not support the king of Nineveh in his resistance against Cheleud and the king of Media, until Israel also becomes a target of his military campaign. [5][12], Although early Christians, such as Clement of Rome, Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria, read and used the Book of Judith,[citation needed] some of the oldest Christian canons, including the Bryennios List (1st/2nd century), that of Melito of Sardis (2nd century) and Origen (3rd century), do not include it. She crisscrossed the nation carrying envelopes between the president and Giancana, and arranged about 10 meetings between the two." The oldest existing version is the Septuagint and might either be a translation from Hebrew or composed in Greek. Judith Exner (January 11, 1934 – September 24, 1999) was an American woman who claimed to be the mistress of U.S. president John F. Kennedy and Mafia leaders Sam Giancana and John Roselli.She was also known as Judith Campbell Exner, and Judith Campbell From an article on Catholic Italian magazine "Famiglia Cristiana". The Italian Renaissance poet Lucrezia Tornabuoni chose Judith as one of the five subjects of her poetry on biblical figures. Susan Morrow Pictures", "The Exner File: Truth and fantasy from a president's mistress", "Judith Exner Is Dead at 65; Claimed Affair With Kennedy", Judith Exner: From the Outfit to the Oval Office, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Exner&oldid=994432982, 20th-century American non-fiction writers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 18:17. [5][6], Reasons for its exclusion include the lateness of its composition, possible Greek origin, open support of the Hasmonean dynasty (to which the early rabbinate was opposed), and perhaps the brash and seductive character of Judith herself. [34], In his comparison between the Book of Judith and Assyrian history, Catholic priest and scholar Fulcran Vigouroux (1837–1915) attempts an identification of Nabuchodonosor king of Assyria with Ashurbanipal (668–627 BC) and his rival Arphaxad king of the Medes with Phraortes (665–653 BC), the son of Deioces, founder of Ecbatana. 34. She said that she had carried payoffs from California defense contractors to the Kennedys, including Robert F. Kennedy. He is a devout soldier of his king, whom he wants to see exalted in all lands. In medieval Christian art, the predominance of church patronage assured that Judith's patristic valences as "Mulier Sancta" and Virgin Mary prototype would prevail: from the 8th-century frescoes in Santa Maria Antigua in Rome through innumerable later bible miniatures. A full hour in length, it was one of the earliest feature films made in the United States. [9], In a 1988 interview with Kitty Kelley of People magazine, Exner told a very different story about Giancana and Kennedy. For other uses, see, Identification of Nebuchadnezzar with Artaxerxes III Ochus, Identification of Nebuchadnezzar with Ashurbanipal, Identification of Nebuchadnezzar with Tigranes the Great. [3] She also became involved with him and knew his associate John Roselli. Campaign against Bethulia; the people want to surrender (7:6–32), A'. [27] Chapters 8–16 then introduce Judith and depict her heroic actions to save her people. She also said that Frank Sinatra later introduced her to Sam Giancana, with whom she also became intimate. Mafia strongman Sam Giancana (birth name Momo Salvatore Guingano) had a girlfriend Judith Exner that J.F. The United States Episcopal Church calls for a reading of Judith 9:1, 11–14 at Mass on the Feast of St Mary Magdalen, July 22. They depend mostly on Exner and are not supported by what is known of Kennedy and his staff. Conclusion about Judith (16.1–25)[27], Most contemporary exegetes, such as Biblical scholar Gianfranco Ravasi, generally tend to ascribe Judith to one of several contemporaneous literary genres, reading it as an extended parable in the form of a historical fiction, or a propaganda literary work from the days of the Seleucid oppression. Thenceforth her presence in medieval European literature is robust: in homilies, biblical paraphrases, histories and poetry. She died on September 24, 1999 in Duarte, California from breast cancer.[4]. "The opening of the poem is lost (scholars estimate that 100 lines were lost) but the remainder of the poem, as can be seen, the poet reshaped the biblical source and set the poem's narrative to an Anglo-Saxon audience. [1][2] When she was a child, her family moved to the Los Angeles area, where she grew up in Pacific Palisades. The adoption of that name, though unhistorical, has been sometimes explained either as a copyist's addition, or an arbitrary name assigned to the ruler of Babylon. Her mother, Katherine (née Shea), was of Irish descent. The American playwright Thomas Bailey Aldrich's Judith of Bethulia was first performed in New York, 1905, and was the basis for the 1914 production Judith of Bethulia by director D. W. Griffith. Bagoas, a Persian name denoting an official of Holofernes. She goes with her loyal maid to the camp of the enemy general, Holofernes, with whom she slowly ingratiates herself, promising him information on the Israelites. The surviving Greek manuscripts contain several historical anachronisms, which is why some scholars now consider the book non-historical: a parable, a theological novel, or perhaps the first historical novel.[2]. Judith, the heroine of the book. [3] When the Church Committee report was released in December 1975, it said that a "close friend" of President Kennedy had also been a close friend of mobsters John Roselli and Sam Giancana. Before becoming President, JFK openly socialised with the infamous Rat Pack. mid-1670s). Exner received national media attention when she testified in 1975 before the Church Committee investigating CIA assassination attempts on Fidel Castro. She decapitates him, then takes his head back to her fearful countrymen. [10][11] The textual reliability of the Book of Judith was also taken for granted, to the extent that Biblical commentator Nachmanides (Ramban) quoted several passages from a Peshitta (Syriac version) of Judith in support of his rendering of Deuteronomy 21:14. [citation needed]. Both Protestants and Catholics draped themselves in the protective mantle of Judith and cast their "heretical" enemies as Holofernes. Kennedy (a member of one of the top 13 Illuminati families) spent regular time with sexually. The following is a timeline for the TV Series The Walking Dead and its companion series, Fear The Walking Dead and The Walking Dead: World Beyond. [28], It has also been called "an example of the ancient Jewish novel in the Greco-Roman period. Frank's daughter Tina would later claim her father asked Giancana to lean on the unions to help JFK win the Democratic primaries. 923.<-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher needed -->. [6] The Committee had sent Exner a subpoena to make her testify. In 1977, Exner published Judith Exner: My Story. Judy Chicago included Judith with a place setting in The Dinner Party.[45]. It also includes the Webisodes that adds to this timeline. Gameliner - In lijn met Gamers! Powers later stated that Kennedy never had an affair with Exner. [6] Martin Luther viewed the book as an allegory, but listed it as the first of the eight writings in his Apocrypha. [39], Under this theory, the story, although fictional, would be set in the time of Queen Salome Alexandra, the only Jewish regnant queen, who reigned over Judea from 76 to 67 BC. [23] Among Anglicanism, Anglo-Catholics consider it to be either an apocryphal or deuterocanonical book. Moreover, Ashurbanipal is never referenced by name in the Bible, except perhaps for the corrupt form "Asenappar" in 2 Chronicles and Ezra 4:10 or the anonymous title "The King of Assyria" in the 2 Kings, which means his name might have never been recorded by Jewish historians. Phyllis, who was the youngest of the sisters, was also the wild child of the trio, often mentioned in the gossip magazines. Exner's memoir was adapted as a made-for-TV movie, Power and Beauty (2002), directed by Susan Seidelman, in which she was played by Natasha Henstridge. Achior, an Ammonite king at Nebuchadnezzar's court; he warns the king of Assyria of the power of the God of Israel but is mocked. In 1840, Friedrich Hebbel's play Judith was performed in Berlin. Doogie Howser, M.D. [3], In 1997, Exner alleged more details and changed her story, in separate interviews with Liz Smith of Vanity Fair and Seymour Hersh. It has been claimed that she was murdered to prevent her revealing the details of their affair. [24], Judith is also referred to in chapter 28 of 1 Meqabyan, a book considered canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.[25].
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